The following macro inserts a new sheet to your workbook and lists all Excel defined Tables and corresponding Table headers in the active workbook.

'Name macro
Sub ListTables()

'Declare variables and data types
Dim tbl As ListObject
Dim WS As Worksheet
Dim i As Single, j As Single

'Insert new worksheet and save to object WS
Set WS = Sheets.Add

'Save 1 to variable i
i = 1

'Go through each worksheet in the worksheets object collection
For Each WS In Worksheets

    'Go through all Excel defined Tables located in the current WS worksheet object
    For Each tbl In WS.ListObjects
        
        'Save Excel defined Table name to cell in column A
        Range("A1").Cells(i, 1).Value = tbl.Name

        'Iterate through columns in Excel defined Table
        For j = 1 To tbl.Range.Columns.Count

            'Save header name to cell next to table name
            Range("A1").Cells(i, j + 1).Value = tbl.Range.Cells(1, j)

        'Continue with next column
        Next j

        'Add 1 to variable i
        i = i + 1
    
    'Continue with next Excel defined Table
    Next tbl

'Continue with next worksheet
Next WS

'Exit macro
End Sub

Example

Sheet1, 2 and 3 contain three tables.

Run macro

1. Go to "Developer" tab
2. Click "Macros" button
3. Click "ListTables"
4. Click "Run"

Where to copy macro

1. Press Alt+F11 to open the VB Editor
2. Click "Insert" on the menu and then click on module.
3. Copy above VBA code and paste to code module, see image above.