How to use the DAY function
What is the DAY function?
The DAY function extracts the day as a number from an Excel date.
Table of Contents
1. DAY Function Syntax
DAY(serial_number)
2. DAY Function Arguments
| serial_number | Required. The Excel date value you want to extract the day number from. |
Excel dates are actually numbers formatted as dates. January 1, 1900 is serial number 1, and January 1, 2008 is serial number 39448 because it is 39,448 days after January 1, 1900.
3. DAY function example
The image above demonstrates a formula in cell C3 that extracts the day number from a date, however, the date must be an Excel date.
Formula in cell C3:
To understand the DAY function I need to explain that it needs an Excel date in order to calculate the day properly. The date in cell B3 is an Excel date meaning it is a number formatted as a date. 1 is 1/1/1900 and 1/1/2000 is 36526 meaning there are 36526 days between the dates.
You can verify this, select a cell containing 1/1/2000 and press CTRL + 1 to open the "Format Cells" dialog box.
4. DAY function not working
- Check your spelling.
- Make sure the date is an Excel date.
How do I know the date is recognized as an Excel date?
Check the "Format Cells" dialog box and press with left mouse button on category "General". You should see a number and not a date.
How do I convert a date to an Excel date?
Try using the DATEVALUE function to convert a text date to an Excel date. Read this article if it is not working.
5.1 DAY function alternative - TEXT function
Formula in cell C3:
5.1.1 Explaining formula
Step 1 - TEXT function
The TEXT function lets you format values.
TEXT(value, format_text)
value - The string you want to format. You can use a cell reference here or use a text string.
format_text - Formatting code allowing you to change the way, for example, a date or a number is displayed to the Excel user.
Step 2 - Populate arguments
The TEXT function has two arguments.
value - B3
format_text - "d"
"d" is an abbreviation for day. A single "d" returns the day like this: 1. A double "dd" returns 01.
Check out this article to learn more about formatting codes in the TEXT function.
Step 3 - Evaluate TEXT function
TEXT(B3, "d")
becomes
TEXT(43263, "d")
and returns 12.
5.2 DAY function alternative - Cell formatting
You can also show the day number using cell formatting, the image above shows cell formatting applied to cell C5.
How to apply cell formatting:
- Select cell C3.
- Press CTRL + 1 to open the "Format Cells" dialog box.
- Press with left mouse button on "Category" Custom, see the image above.
- Enter d below Type:
- Press with left mouse button on the OK button to apply changes.
6. Filter dates based on a given day number
Formula in cell D3:
Explaining formula
Step 1 - Calculate day number for each date value
DAY(B3:B11)
becomes
DAY({44667; 44667; 44700; 44707; 45006; 45051; 45054; 45075; 45079})
and returns
{16; 15; 16; 26; 16; 16; 8; 29; 16}.
Step 2 - Compare month number to condition
The equal sign lets you check if values are equal, note that this does not perform a case-sensitive comparison. Check out the EXACT function if upper and lower letters matter.
DAY(B3:B11)=16
becomes
{16; 15; 16; 26; 16; 16; 8; 29; 16}=16
and returns
{TRUE; FALSE; TRUE; FALSE; TRUE; TRUE; FALSE; FALSE; TRUE}.
Step 3 - Extract dates meeting the condition
The FILTER function is a new function available to Excel 365 subscribers. It lets you extract values based on a condition or criteria.
FILTER(array, include, [if_empty])
FILTER(B3:B11, DAY(B3:B11)=16)
becomes
FILTER({44667; 44667; 44700; 44707; 45006; 45051; 45054; 45075; 45079}, {TRUE; FALSE; TRUE; FALSE; TRUE; TRUE; FALSE; FALSE; TRUE})
and returns
{44667; 44700; 45006; 45051; 45079}.
7. Create a dynamic calendar using the DAY function
The formula in cell B4 is a dynamic array formula and works only in Excel 365. The SEQUENCE function is only available to Excel 365 subscribers.
The formula uses the provided date in cell B2 to calculate all dates for that month. Make sure you only use Excel dates in cell B2 and that the date is the first date in any given month.
The dates in B4:H9 automatically refresh as soon as a new date is entered in cell B2, this is why it is called a dynamic calendar.
Excel 365 formula in cell B4:
Explaining formula
The dynamic array formula in cell B4 is entered as a regular formula, however, it spills values to the right and below as far as needed.
Make sure the adjacent cells are empty or a #SPILL! error is shown.
Step 1 - Calculate weekday
This step is needed in order to calculate the first date in the week, it is most often not the same date as the first date in a month. It is the 27th in this example, shown in the image above.
The WEEKDAY function returns a number representing the weekday in a week. 1 - Sunday, 2 - Monday, and so on.
WEEKDAY(serial_number,[return_type])
WEEKDAY(B2,1)
becomes
WEEKDAY(44621, 1)
and returns 3. This means that March the 1st, 2022 is a Tuesday.
Step 2 - Create an array large enough to populate a monthly calendar
The SEQUENCE function creates a list of sequential numbers to a cell range or array. It is located in the Math and trigonometry category and is only available to Excel 365 subscribers.
SEQUENCE(rows, [columns], [start], [step])
SEQUENCE(6,7)
returns
{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7; 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14; 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21; 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28; 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35; 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42}.
Note the delimiting characters used in the array above, the comma separates values between columns and the semicolon between rows. Your setup may use other delimiting characters, you can change these in the regional settings.
Step 3 - Calculate the date for the first sunday
This is often a date in the previous month. The plus and minus sign lets you perform arithmetic calculations in an Excel formula.
B2-WEEKDAY(B2,1)+SEQUENCE(6,7)
becomes
44621 - 3 + {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7; 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14; 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21; 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28; 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35; 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42}
and returns
{44619, 44620, 44621, 44622, 44623, 44624, 44625; 44626, 44627, 44628, 44629, 44630, 44631, 44632; 44633, 44634, 44635, 44636, 44637, 44638, 44639; 44640, 44641, 44642, 44643, 44644, 44645, 44646; 44647, 44648, 44649, 44650, 44651, 44652, 44653; 44654, 44655, 44656, 44657, 44658, 44659, 44660}
Step 4 - Calculate the day for each date in the array
DAY(B2-WEEKDAY(B2,1)+SEQUENCE(6,7))
becomes
DAY({44619, 44620, 44621, 44622, 44623, 44624, 44625; 44626, 44627, 44628, 44629, 44630, 44631, 44632; 44633, 44634, 44635, 44636, 44637, 44638, 44639; 44640, 44641, 44642, 44643, 44644, 44645, 44646; 44647, 44648, 44649, 44650, 44651, 44652, 44653; 44654, 44655, 44656, 44657, 44658, 44659, 44660})
and returns
{27, 28, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5; 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12; 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19; 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26; 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 1, 2; 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}.
'DAY' function examples
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Functions in 'Date and Time' category
The DAY function function is one of 22 functions in the 'Date and Time' category.
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