The array formula in column G filters values in column C using a condition in cell E3, comparing it with values in adjacent column B. The filtered values are then sorted from A to Z.

It is possible to build a formula around the VLOOKUP function but it would be big, the following formula is smaller and easier to understand.

Array formula in cell G3:

Watch a video where I explain the formula

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How to enter an array formula

1. Double press with left mouse button on cell G3
2. Copy and paste above formula to cell G3
3. Press and hold CTRL + SHIFT simultaneously
4. Press Enter once
   1. Release all keys

Examine the formula bar and you will see that the formula now has a beginning and ending curly bracket. Don't enter these characters yourself, they appear automatically. Example, {=array_formula}

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Explaining formula in cell G3

Step 1 - Sort values in column C

COUNTIF($C$3:$C$10, "<"&$C$3:$C$10)

becomes

COUNTIF({"F"; "S"; "G"; "E"; "B"; "N"; "W"; "A"},{"<F"; "<S"; "<G"; "<E"; "<B"; "<N"; "<W"; "<A"})

and returns

{3;6;4;2;1;5;7;0}

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Counts the number of cells that meet a specific condition.

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Step 2 - Extract sort rank numbers for chosen category

IF($E$3=$B$3:$B$10, COUNTIF($C$3:$C$10, "<"&$C$3:$C$10), "")

becomes

IF($E$3=$B$3:$B$10, {3;6;4;2;1;5;7;0}, "")

becomes

IF($E$3=$B$3:$B$10, {3;6;4;2;1;5;7;0}, "")

becomes

IF(1={1;2;1;2;1;1;2;2},{3;6;4;2;1;5;7;0},"")

becomes

IF({TRUE;FALSE;TRUE;FALSE;TRUE;TRUE;FALSE;FALSE},{3;6;4;2;1;5;7;0},"")

and returns

{3;"";4;"";1;5;"";""}

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Step 3 - Find k-th smallest value in array

SMALL(IF($E$3=$B$3:$B$10,COUNTIF($C$3:$C$10,"<"&$C$3:$C$10),""),ROWS($A$1:A1))

becomes

SMALL({3;"";4;"";1;5;"";""},ROWS($A$1:A1))

becomes

SMALL({3;"";4;"";1;5;"";""},1)

and returns 1.

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Step 4 - Match sort rank to find relative position

MATCH(SMALL(IF($E$3=$B$3:$B$10, COUNTIF($C$3:$C$10, "<"&$C$3:$C$10), ""),ROWS($A$1:A1)), COUNTIF($C$3:$C$10,"<"&$C$3:$C$10), 0)

becomes

MATCH(1, {3;6;4;2;1;5;7;0}, 0)

and returns 5.

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Identify the position of a value in an array.

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Step 5 - Return values

INDEX($C$3:$C$10,MATCH(SMALL(IF($E$3=$B$3:$B$10,COUNTIF($C$3:$C$10,"<"&$C$3:$C$10),""),ROWS($A$1:A1)),COUNTIF($C$3:$C$10,"<"&$C$3:$C$10),0))

becomes

INDEX($C$3:$C$10,5)

becomes

INDEX({"F";"S";"G";"E";"B";"N";"W";"A"},5)

and returns B in cell G3.

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How to use the INDEX function

Gets a value in a specific cell range based on a row and column number.

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Tip! You can easily filter values if you convert your data to an excel table and then sort them:

How to use Excel Tables

An Excel table allows you to easily sort, filter and sum values in a data set where values are related.

How to use Excel Tables

Get excel *.xlsx file

Use VLOOKUP and return multiple values sorted from A to Z.xlsx

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